On May 9, 2024, Maryland passed a comprehensive consumer data privacy statute called the Maryland Online Data Privacy Act (“MODPA”). The nominal effective date for MODPA is October 1, 2025. However, section 14-6414, Sec. 2 states that MODPA will not “have any effect on or application to any personal data processing activities before April 1, 2026.”
Covered businesses
MODPA applies to businesses and entities that conduct business in Maryland or that target Maryland residents with services or products AND that, during the preceding calendar year, either:
- Controlled or processed the personal data of at least 35,000 Maryland consumers (excluding data solely collected or processed for completing a payment transaction) OR
- Controlled or processed the personal data of at least 10,000 Maryland consumers AND derived more than 20 percent of their gross revenue from the sale of personal data
Unlike similar statutes, there are relatively few exemptions for business types. For example, MODPA applies to non-profit organizations (with a couple of very limited exceptions), and there are no exemptions for industries like insurance companies, utilities, and airlines.
Data Exemptions
Like many of these consumer data protection statutes, significant amounts of data are exempt from coverage of MODPA. These include exemptions for data collected and processed when the person is acting in an employment or commercial capacity. MODPA also does not apply to dis-aggregated data, publicly available data, etc.
MODPA also excludes coverage for data protected by other statutes such as health-related data processed under statutes like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act and others.
What Obligations Does the MODPA Impose?
MODPA uses the standard framework that focuses on “controllers” and “processors” of personal data. A “controller” is defined as a “person that, alone or jointly with others, determines this purpose and means of processing personal data.” A “processor” is defined as a person “that processes personal data on behalf of a controller.” Further, “to process data” is defined as “an operation or set of operations performed by manual or automated means on personal data” and “includes collecting, using, storing, disclosing, analyzing, deleting, or modifying personal data.” “Personal data” is any data, alone or in combination, that can be used to identify a unique individual. A subcategory of personal data is called “sensitive data,” which includes information revealing matters like race, sex, biometric data, and geolocation data.
Obligations imposed by MODPA include:
- Duty to provide consumers with “reasonably accessible, clear, and meaningful privacy notices,” including requests for consents and opt-outs for certain types of processing — the required notices are basically what is required under similar statutes
- Limit the collection of personal data to what is reasonably necessary and proportionate
- Process personal data only for stated business purposes and only as reasonably necessary unless the consumer has consented
- Provide a mechanism by which consumers can revoke consent and exercise other rights granted by MODPA (such as correcting or deleting data held by the controller)
- Not sell personal data of a person under 18 without consent from a parent or guardian — applies where the controller knew or should have known the consumer is under 18
- Collect, process, or share sensitive data only where strictly necessary
- Not sell sensitive data — regardless of consumer consent
- Not discriminate or retaliate
- Have appropriated cybersecurity protocols and procedures
- Have an active email or other method for a consumer to contact the controller
- Establish an internal appeal mechanism
- Perform data protection assessments
Contact the Consumer Data Privacy and Compliance Attorneys at Revision Legal
For more information, contact the experienced Consumer Data Privacy and Compliance Lawyers at Revision Legal. You can contact us through the form on this page or call (855) 473-8474.
